1方向和位置

　　1 Direction and Position

　　许多阀门具有方向性

　　Many valves have directionality

　　例如截止阀、节流阀、减压阀、止回阀等，如果装倒装反，就会影响使用效果与寿命（如节流阀），或者根本不起作用（如减压阀），甚至造成危险（如止回阀）。一般阀门，在阀体上有方向标志。万一没有，应根据阀门工作原理，正确识别。

　　For example, globe valves, throttle valves, pressure reducing valves, check valves, etc., if installed upside down, it will affect the effectiveness and service life (such as throttle valves), or not work at all (such as pressure reducing valves), and even cause danger (such as check valves). General valves have directional markings on the valve body. If not, it should be correctly identified based on the working principle of the valve.

　　截止阀的阀腔左右不对称，流体要让其由下而上通过阀口，这样流体阻力小（由形状所决定），开启省力（因介质压力向上），关闭后介质不压填料，便于检修，这就是截止阀为什么不可安反的道理。其它阀门也有各自的特性。

　　The valve chamber of the globe valve is asymmetric on both sides, and the fluid should be allowed to pass through the valve port from bottom to top, so that the fluid resistance is small (determined by its shape), and opening is effortless (due to the upward pressure of the medium). After closing, the medium does not pressure the packing, making it easy to maintain. This is why the globe valve cannot be reversed. Other valves also have their own characteristics.

　　阀门安装位置，必须方便于操作

　　The installation position of the valve must be convenient for operation

　　即使安装暂时困难些，也要为操作人员的长期工作着想。最好阀门手轮与胸口取齐（一般离操作地坪1.2米），这样，开闭阀门比较省劲。落地阀门手轮要朝上，不要倾斜，以免操作别扭。靠墙机靠设备的阀门，也要留出操作人员站立余地。

　　Even if installation is temporarily difficult, consideration should be given to the long-term work of the operators. It is best to align the valve handwheel with the chest (usually 1.2 meters away from the operating floor), so that opening and closing the valve is more effortless. The handwheel of the landing valve should be facing upwards and not tilted to avoid awkward operation. The valve of the wall mounted machine and equipment should also leave room for the operator to stand.

　　要避免仰天操作，尤其是酸碱、有毒介质等，否则很不安全。

　　Avoid high-altitude operations, especially with acidic, alkaline, toxic media, etc., otherwise it is very unsafe.

　　闸门不要倒装（即手轮向下），否则会使介质长期留存在阀盖空间，容易腐蚀阀杆，而且为某些工艺要求所禁忌。同时更换填料极不方便。明杆闸阀，不要安装在地下，否则由于潮湿而腐蚀外露的阀杆。

　　The gate should not be inverted (i.e. the handwheel should be turned downwards), otherwise the medium will remain in the valve cover space for a long time, which is easy to corrode the valve stem and is prohibited by certain process requirements. Simultaneously replacing the packing is extremely inconvenient. Bright stem gate valves should not be installed underground, otherwise the exposed valve stem may corrode due to moisture.

　　升降式止回阀，安装时要保证其阀瓣垂直，以便升降灵活。旋启式止回阀，安装时要保证其销轴水平，以便旋启灵活。减压阀要直立安装在水平管道上，各个方向都不要倾斜。

　　When installing a lift check valve, ensure that its valve disc is vertical for flexible lifting. When installing a rotary check valve, ensure that its pin shaft is horizontal for flexible rotation. The pressure reducing valve should be installed upright on a horizontal pipeline, without tilting in any direction.

　　2施工作业

　　2 Construction operations

　　安装施工必须小心，切忌撞击脆性材料制作的阀门。

　　Caution must be exercised during installation and construction to avoid hitting valves made of brittle materials.

　　安装前

　　Before installation

　　应仔细核对所有阀门的型号与规格是否符合设计要求。（根据阀门型号和出厂说明书，检查它们是否可以在所要求的条件下应用，必要时作水压或气压试验。）

　　All valve models and specifications should be carefully checked to ensure they meet the design requirements. (According to the valve model and factory manual, check if they can be used under the required conditions, and if necessary, conduct a water or air pressure test.)

　　此外，还应检查填料是否完好，压盖螺栓有否足够的调节余量，并要检查阀杆和阀盘是否灵话，有无卡住和歪斜现象。

　　In addition, it is necessary to check whether the packing is intact, whether the gland bolts have sufficient adjustment allowance, and whether the valve stem and disc are flexible, whether they are stuck or skewed.

　　（阀盘密封面必须关闭严密，对螺纹连接的阀门，应检查螺纹质量。不合格的阀门不能进行安装，并应另行堆放或做好标记。）

　　The sealing surface of the valve disc must be tightly closed. For valves with threaded connections, the quality of the threads should be checked. Unqualified valves cannot be installed and should be stacked separately or marked properly

　　清除阀内的杂物。

　　Remove debris from the valve.

　　安装过程

　　setup script

　　阀门起吊时，绳子不要系在手轮或阀杆上，以免损坏这些部件，应该系在法兰上。

　　When lifting the valve, do not tie the rope to the handwheel or valve stem to avoid damaging these components. It should be tied to the flange.

　　对于阀门所连接的管路，一定要清扫干净。

　　The pipeline connected to the valve must be cleaned thoroughly.

　　可用压缩空气吹去氧化铁屑、泥砂、焊渣和其他杂物。这些杂物，不但容易擦伤阀门的密封面，其中大颗粒杂物（如焊渣），还能堵死小阀门，使其失效。

　　Compressed air can be used to blow away iron oxide chips, mud and sand, welding slag, and other debris. These debris not only easily scratch the sealing surface of the valve, but also large particles of debris (such as welding slag) can block small valves and cause them to fail.

　　安装螺口阀门时，应将密封填料（线麻加铝油或聚四氟乙烯生料带），包在管子螺纹上，不要弄到阀门里，以免阀内存积，影响介质流通。

　　When installing a screw valve, the sealing packing (wire hemp with aluminum oil or polytetrafluoroethylene raw material tape) should be wrapped around the pipe thread and not get into the valve to avoid accumulation inside the valve and affect the flow of the medium.

　　安装法兰阀门时，要注意对称均匀地把紧螺栓。阀门法兰与管子法兰必须平行，间隙合理，以免阀门产生过大压力，甚至开裂。对于脆性材料和强度不高的阀门，尤其要注意。须与管子焊接的阀门，应先点焊，再将关闭件全开，然后焊死。

　　When installing flange valves, pay attention to tightening the bolts symmetrically and evenly. The valve flange and the pipe flange must be parallel with a reasonable gap to avoid excessive pressure and even cracking of the valve. Special attention should be paid to brittle materials and valves with low strength. Valves that need to be welded to pipes should be spot welded first, then the closing parts should be fully opened, and finally welded.

　　3保护措施

　　3 protective measures

　　有些阀门还须有外部保护，这就是保温和保冷。保温层内有时还要加拌热蒸汽管线。什么样的阀门应该保温或保冷，要根据生产要求而定。

　　Some valves also require external protection, which is insulation and cold insulation. Sometimes hot steam pipelines need to be added to the insulation layer. What kind of valve should be insulated or refrigerated depends on production requirements.

　　原则地说，凡阀内介质降低温度过多，会影响生产效率或冻坏阀门，就需要保温，甚至拌热；凡阀门裸露，对生产不利或引起结霜等不良现象时，就需要保冷。保温材料有石棉，矿渣棉、玻璃棉、珍珠岩，硅藻土、蛭石等；保冷材料有软木、珍珠岩、泡沫、塑料等。

　　In principle, if the temperature of the medium inside the valve decreases too much, it will affect production efficiency or freeze the valve, and insulation or even mixing heat is needed; When the valve is exposed, which is detrimental to production or causes adverse phenomena such as frosting, it is necessary to keep it cold. Thermal insulation materials include asbestos, slag wool, glass wool, perlite, diatomaceous earth, vermiculite, etc; Cold insulation materials include cork, perlite, foam, plastic, etc.

　　4旁路和仪表

　　4. Bypass and Instrumentation

　　有的阀门，除了必要的保护设施外，还要有旁路和仪表。安装了旁路。便于疏水阀检修。其他阀门，也有安装旁路的。是否安装旁路，要看阀门状况，重要性和生产上的要求而定。

　　Some valves, in addition to necessary protective facilities, also require bypass and instrumentation. A bypass has been installed. Easy to maintain the drain valve. Other valves also have bypass installed. Whether to install a bypass depends on the condition, importance, and production requirements of the valve.

　　5填料更换

　　5 Packing replacement

　　库存阀门，有的填料已不好使，有的与使用介质不符，这就需要换填料。

　　Inventory valves, some of the packing is no longer working properly, and some do not match the medium used, which requires replacement of the packing.

　　阀门制作厂无法考虑使用单位千门万类的不同介质，填料函内总是装填普通盘根，但使用时，必须让填料于介质相适应。

　　Valve manufacturers cannot consider using different media of thousands of types per unit. The packing box is always filled with ordinary packing, but when using it, the packing must be adapted to the medium.

　　在更换填料时，要一圈一圈地压入。每圈接缝以45度为宜，圈与圈接开180度。填料高度要考虑压盖继续压紧的余地，现时又要让压盖下部压填料室适当深度，此深度一般可为填料室总深度的10-20%。对于要求高的阀门，接缝角度为30度。圈与圈之间接缝错开120度。

　　When replacing the packing, press it in circle by circle. It is advisable to have a 45 degree joint for each circle, with a 180 degree gap between circles. The height of the packing should consider the room for further compression of the gland, and now it is necessary to allow the lower part of the gland to press the packing chamber to an appropriate depth, which can generally be 10-20% of the total depth of the packing chamber. For valves with high requirements, the joint angle is 30 degrees. The seams between the circles are staggered by 120 degrees.

　　除上述填料之外，还可根据具体情况，采用橡胶O形环（天然橡胶耐60摄氏度以下弱碱，丁晴橡胶耐80摄氏度以下油晶，氟橡胶耐150摄氏度以下多种腐蚀介质）三件叠式聚四氟乙烯圈（耐200摄氏度以下强腐蚀介质）尼龙碗状圈（耐120摄氏度一下氨、碱）等成形填料。

　　In addition to the above-mentioned fillers, rubber O-rings (natural rubber resistant to weak alkali below 60 degrees Celsius, nitrile rubber resistant to oil crystals below 80 degrees Celsius, fluororubber resistant to various corrosive media below 150 degrees Celsius), three piece stacked polytetrafluoroethylene rings (resistant to strong corrosive media below 200 degrees Celsius), nylon bowl shaped rings (resistant to ammonia and alkali below 120 degrees Celsius) and other shaped fillers can also be used according to specific situations.

　　在普通石棉盘根外面，包一层聚四氟乙烯生料带，能提高密封效果，减轻阀杆的电化学腐蚀。在压紧调料时，要同时转动阀杆，以保持四周均匀，并防止太死，拧紧压盖要用力均匀，不可倾斜。

　　Wrap a layer of PTFE tape around the ordinary asbestos packing to improve the sealing effect and reduce the electrochemical corrosion of the valve stem. When tightening the seasoning, the valve stem should be rotated simultaneously to maintain uniformity around and prevent it from becoming too tight. The pressure cap should be tightened evenly and not tilted.

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